1.3《冰：从混合饮料到溜冰场——一个热门商品的酷炫历史》

Example 1:

E: One alternative is a fridge that utilizes something called magnetocaloric material, a substance that absorbs or emits heat when exposed to magnets. (p.43)

C: 一种方法是使用磁热效应材料，这种物质在暴露于磁场时会吸收或放出热量。在变化的磁场中，材料通过反复磁化和退磁来吸收和放出热量。

Example 2:

E: Another potentially game-changing technology utilizes material called plastic crystals. (p.44)

C: 另一个颠覆性的制冷技术使用了一种叫做塑晶的材料。

Example 3：

E: The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that global greenhouse emissions must peak by 2025 and be nearly halved in the same decade if humans are to keep planetary warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which climate scientists say Earth will reach a climatic tipping point. (p.21)

C: 政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）的最新报告警告称，要将升温限制在1.5摄氏度以下，需要全球温室气体排放最迟在2025年达到峰值，并在2030年之前减少近一半。气候学家称，全球升温1.5摄氏度，地球将突破气候临界点。

In example 1, the term “magnetocaloric material” is translated to “磁热效应材料.” The source text provides a comprehensive and professional introduction to Energy Star, covering its concept and characteristics. The term in example 2, “ plastic crystals,” is translated to “塑晶,” also with a detailed explanation in the source text. In example 3, the term is “climatic tipping point,” which is translated into “气候临界点.”

The expressions of terms in the source text are fixed, and it is not suitable to convert them into other words. Semantic translation focuses on the content of information in the source text, ensuring the accuracy and standardization of terms. As a result, the author has chosen semantic translation for the translation of terms in the sentences to ensure accuracy and convey the correct concepts and information to the readers.

Example 4：

E: World leadership listened to the scientists’ warnings, and at the 1987 Montreal Protocol, two hundred countries signed an agreement to phase out CFCs and shift to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which break down the ozone less but are still extremely potent greenhouse gases. (p.33)

C: 领导人听取了科学家的警告，1987年，200个国家签署了《蒙特利尔议定书》，逐步淘汰氯氟烃类（CFCs），转而使用氢氟碳化合物（HFCs）。虽然氢氟碳化合物对臭氧层无破坏，但却是一种极强的温室气体。

There are many terms in this example, such as 1) Documents: Montreal Protocol(《蒙特利尔议定书》); 2) Chemical compounds: CFCs (氯氟烃类), HFCs (氢氟碳化合物).

When translating these terms, the author gathers a significant amount of information and aims for precision. Semantic translation is utilized to guarantee accuracy and eliminate any errors in the target text. In the source text, there are also some books and articles that witnessed the advent of refrigerators, for example, Scientific American (《科学美国人》), Principles of Domestic Engineering (《家庭工程原理》), New Yorker (《纽约客》), and Refrigeration Nation (《制冷国度》), etc. Semantic translation aims to convey, as faithfully as possible within the target language’s semantic and syntactic constraints, the source text’s precise contextual significance. When translating these titles, the authors employ semantic translation, respecting and working on the source language text’s form to ensure the information’s accuracy within the original culture.

Example 5：

E: While many states employ services approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or utilize local authorities to pick up and recycle old fridges (p.34)

C: 虽然许多州采用由美国环境保护署（EPA）认证的服务，或者由地方政府来收集和回收旧冰箱

Example 6：

E: It directed the Department of Energy (DOE) to develop standards for refrigerators and twelve other kinds of appliances. (p.34)

C: 能源部（DOE）在该政策的指导下为冰箱和另外12种家电制定了标准。

Example 7：

E: In 1992, the EPA introduced Energy Star as a voluntary labeling program designed to help consumers identify the most energy efficient appliances, including refrigerators. (p.37)

C: 1992年，美国环保署(EPA)设立了了“能源之星”，这项自愿性标签计划旨在引导消费者选用最佳的节能产品，包括冰箱。